An Automated Irrigation System for Efficient Water Utilization in the Indian Agriculture System

Abstract

The agricultural sector is crucial to the socio-economic development of developing countries like India. The use of a sensor network and effective communication can help to improve irrigation procedures. Agriculture demand-side management (AgDSM) is a viable approach for efficient regulation of ground, surface, and energy use. The study describes the development of a low-cost automated system for smart irrigation system operation and monitoring via a remote irrigation control station. Solar panels are used to power the proposed irrigation system, which is used in conjunction with a sprinkler system. The fundamental irrigation need index is considered using threshold values for different factors such as soil moisture, temperature, voltage, and frequency. The complete prototype is put to the test in a garden and delivers positive results of water and energy efficiency. To enhance water usage for crops, an automated irrigation system was designed. In the root zone of the plants, the system has a spread wireless network of soil moisture and temperature sensors. A gateway unit also wants to take care of sensor data, triggers actuators, and delivers data to a web application. To control water quantity, an algorithm comprising temperature and soil moisture threshold values was developed and programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway. Photovoltaic panels powered the system, which had a duplex communication link based on a cellular-Internet interface that allowed data inspection and irrigation scheduling to be programmed through a web page