The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Justice System with Special Reference to Forensic Science Investigation Techniques

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or computer programme to execute human-like skills like visual perception, speech recognition, cognitive reasoning, decision making, learning from experiences, and solving difficult problems at a faster rate and with fewer errors than humans. AI is a rapidly developing field that is also being used to advance forensic science and the justice system. In today's forensic science and criminal investigation environment, experts face numerous challenges due to large amounts of data, small pieces of evidence in a chaotic and complex environment, traditional laboratory structures, and sometimes insufficient knowledge, all of which can lead to investigation failure or miscarriage of justice. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the weapon of choice for combating these difficulties, which include machine learning and deep learning. In numerous domains of forensics, neural networks and case-based reasoning are used to produce errorless, objective, and repeatable conclusions. Data analysis, Pattern recognition, Image processing, Computer vision, Data mining, Statistical analysis and probabilistic methods, Artificial olfaction, Computational and mathematical methods, Graphical modelling are just some of the ways AI is assisting almost every major field of forensic science and criminal investigation. As a result, AI is assisting forensic specialists and investigators at all levels of investigation by constructing logical evidence, 3D reconstruction of crime scenes, handling evidence properly, and analyzing it to reach logical conclusions. AI-based algorithms can sift through massive amounts of data to find risk, and they're used to detect, prevent, and even forecast future crime or criminal conduct.