DISTRIBUTION OF DROUGHT IN THE WATERSHED JENEBERANG UPSTREAM, SOUTH SULAWESI

Abstract

In the dry season, there is a significant decrease in the intensity of rainfall which will have an impact on a prolonged drought. This can result in a significant decrease in water discharge which affects the quantity of water available. The impact of the long drought was felt, such as dry rice fields, cracked soil, 33.188 ha of agricultural land experienced crop failure in 2019, water needs were only met 35% and many others. This study aims to see the distribution of drought levels in the Jeneberang upstream watershed by using Remote Sensing data and geographic information systems. The focus of this research location covers all the upstream areas of the Jeneberang watershed, starting from the Bili-Bili dam towards the upstream watershed. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) data can be used to detect areas of potential drought. Remote Sensing data can be used to identify the characteristics of the water content and the percentage of potential latent heat on the surface of the earth using the NDLI (Normalized Difference Latent Heat Index) transformation. The results of the NDLI transformation on the image produce very diverse values, so the values ​​are grouped using the Natural Breaks method. The results of the latent heat index transformation produce spectral values ​​between -0.0817 to 0.0829. The results are then divided into 5 classes with very low, low, moderate, high, and very high categories. In the Jeneberang upstream watershed, the widest potential for drought is in the low category with a percentage of 55.92% spread over 9 sub-districts in the Gowa Regency.