Succession of Wetland Pattern and Construction of Security Pattern in Dongting Lake Area

Abstract

Wetland ecosystems have various functions, but the wetland problem is very serious due to
the unreasonable development and utilization of wetland resources for a long time. The
purpose of this article is to explore the main problems of wetlands, to study the succession of
wetland patterns using Dongting Lake as an example, and to strengthen the construction of
security patterns. To this end, this article uses the literature research method to find out the
related protection policies and management difficulties of the Dongting Lake, compares the
changes in the landscape pattern of the Dongting Lake wetland before and after the
implementation of the protection measures and the pollution problems, and comprehensively
analyzes the overall changes in the landscape pattern of the Dongting Lake area. To provide a
scientific basis for building a better security pattern of the Dongting Lake, and to analyze the
area changes of various wetland landscape types in the Dongting Lake area in recent years
and the overall characteristics of the landscape pattern change of the Dongting Lake area
through methods such as the Landscape Pattern Index. The results show that from 2014 to
2018, the degree of fragmentation of the Dongting Lake wetland landscape decreased; the
dominance of the water area showed an upward trend. The area of the water area reached
678.14km2, and the overall landscape diversity decreased; the spread index increased to
34.26, and the uniformity index The drop to 0.73 indicates that the landscape heterogeneity of
the Dongting Lake is on the rise; the irregular shape and complexity of the patches in the
wetland landscape pattern of the Dongting Lake area are reduced.